Ulcer

An ulcer is an open sore of the skin, eyes or mucous membrane, often caused, but not exclusively, by an initial abrasion and generally maintained by an inflammation, an infection, and/or medical conditions which impede healing.

An ulcer can affect:

• foot, leg, underneath nails
• sacrum and ischium
• mouth
• esophagus, stomach, large and small intestine
• genitalia
• eyes.

Anyway, wherever an ulcer occurs, it features:

• loss of integrity of the area
• secondary infection of the site by bacteria, fungus or virus
• generalized weakness of the patient
• delayed healing.

The main causes of ulcers include:

• bacterial, viral, or fungal infection
• cancer
• venous stasis or arterial insufficiency
• diabetes
• rheumatoid arthritis
• amyloidosis
• loss of mobility
• hypertension
• gastroesophageal reflux disease.

TYPES

Peptic Ulcer	it affects the stomach, esophageal cardium, or duodenum it's an ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract that is usually acidic and thus extremely painful 80% of ulcers are associated with Helicobacter pylori ulcers can also be caused or worsened by drugs such as aspirin and other NSAIDs it affect most often the duodenum about 4% of stomach ulcers are caused by a malignant tumor
Mouth Ulcer	an open sore inside the mouth caused by a break in the mucous membrane or the epithelium on the lips or surrounding the mouth. the main causes include physical or chemical trauma, infection from microorganisms or viruses, medical conditions or medications, cancerous and sometimes nonspecific processes two common oral ulcer types are aphthous ulcers (canker sores) and cold sores, which are caused by the herpes simplex virus
Pressure Ulcer (Decubitus)	aka bedsores it's a lesion caused by unrelieved pressure to any part of the body, especially portions over bony or cartilaginous areas
Crural ulcer	due to venous insufficiency or other causes Hunner's ulcer it affects the bladder it's caused by Interstitial Cystitis
Ulcerative Colitis	it's a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) the main symptom is diarrhea mixed with blood it's a systemic disease that affects many parts of the body outside the intestine it's an intermittent disease
Curling's Ulcer	it's an acute peptic ulcer of the duodenum resulting as a complication from severe burns when reduced plasma volume leads to sloughing of the gastric mucosa it results in perforation and hemorrhage
Cushing Ulcer	it's a gastric ulcer produced by elevated intracranial pressure aka von Rokitansky-Cushing syndrome apart from in the stomach, it may also develop in the proximal part of the duodenum and the distal esophagus
Arterial Insufficiency Ulcer	it affects leg and foot external ulcer
Venous Insufficiency Ulcer	it results from long-standing edema
Diabetic Foot Ulcer	due to both neurologic and vascular complications
Corneal Ulcer	aka ulcerative keratitis it's an inflammatory or more seriously, infective condition of the cornea

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