Nervous Disorders

The nervous system is a complex, sophisticated system that regulates and coordinates body activities. It is made up of two major divisions, that is:

• Central nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
• Peripheral nervous system, consisting of all other neural elements.

In addition to the brain and spinal cord, principal organs of the nervous system include:

• eyes
• ears
• sensory organs of taste
• sensory organs of smell
• sensory receptors located in the skin, joints, muscles, and other parts of the body

The nervous system is vulnerable to various disorders. It can be damaged by the following:

• trauma
• infections
• degeneration
• structural defects
• tumors
• blood flow disruption
• autoimmune disorders

Disorders of the nervous system may involve the:

• Vascular disorders, such as stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage and hematoma, and extradural hemorrhage
• Infections, such as meningitis, encephalitis, polio, and epidural abscess
• Structural disorders, such as brain or spinal cord injury, Bell's palsy, cervical spondylosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, brain or spinal cord tumors, peripheral neuropathy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Functional disorders, such as headache, epilepsy, dizziness, and neuralgia
• Degeneration, such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's chorea, and Alzheimer's disease

The following are the most common general signs and symptoms of a nervous system disorder:

• persistent or sudden onset of a headache
• a headache that changes or is different
• loss of feeling or tingling
• weakness or loss of muscle strength
• sudden loss of sight or double vision
• memory loss
• impaired mental ability
• lack of coordination
• muscle rigidity
• tremors and seizures
• back pain which radiates to the feet, toes, or other parts of the body
• muscle wasting and slurred speech

NERVOUS DISORDERS

Organic/symptomatic	dementia multi-infarct dementia delirium
Psychoactive substance	physical dependence Korsakoff's syndrome
Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional	schizophrenia disorganized schizophrenia schizotypal personality disorder delusional disorder folie à deux schizoaffective disorder
Mood (affective)	mania bipolar disorder clinical depression cyclothymia dysthymia
Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform	agoraphobia anxiety disorder panic disorder generalized anxiety disorder OCD acute stress reaction PTSD adjustment disorder conversion disorder somatoform disorder somatization disorder neurasthenia
Physiological/physical behavioural	eating disorder (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa) sleep disorder
Adult personality and behaviour	personality disorder passive aggressive behavior kleptomania trichotillomania voyeurism factitious disorder Munchausen syndrome
Mental retardation	mental retardation
Psychological development	specific developmental disorder speech disorder expressive language disorder aphasia (expressive, receptive) Landau-Kleffner syndrome lisp dyslexia dysgraphia Gerstmann syndrome dyspraxia pervasive developmental disorder autism Rett syndrome Asperger syndrome
Behavioural and emotional, childhood and adolescence onset

 



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