Hemorrages, Cuts, Tooth Extraction

Bleeding, technically known as Hemorrhage (AE) or Haemorrhage (BE) is the loss of blood from the circulatory system. Bleeding can occur internally, where blood leaks from blood vessels inside the body or externally, either through a natural opening such as vagina, mouth or rectum, or through a break in the skin. The complete loss of blood is referred to as exsanguination.

The average human has around 7 to 8% of their body weight made up of blood.
The human body generates blood at a rate of about 2 litres (2.1 quarts) per week. The technique of blood transfusion is used to replace severe quantities of lost blood.

Hemorrhage generally becomes dangerous, or even fatal, when it causes hypovolemia (low blood volume) or hypotension (low blood pressure). In these scenarios various mechanisms come into play to maintain the body's homeostasis. These include the "retro-stress-relaxation" mechanism of cardiac muscle, the baroreceptor reflex and renal and endocrine responses such as the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system (RAAS).

Certain diseases or medical conditions, such as haemophilia and low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) may increase the risk of bleeding or may allow otherwise minor bleeds to become health or life threatening. Anticoagulant medications, such as warfarin can mimic the effects of haemophilia, preventing clotting, and allowing free blood flow.

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