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Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a common medical condition affecting an estimated 89 million women of reproductive age around the world. In endometriosis, the tissue that lines the uterus (the endometrium, from endo, "inside", and metra, "womb") is found to be growing outside the uterus, on or in other areas of the body. Normally, the endometrium is shed each month during the menstrual cycle; however, in endometriosis, the misplaced endometrium is usually unable to exit the body. The endometriotic tissues still detach and bleed, but the result is far different: internal bleeding, degenerated blood and tissue shedding, inflammation of the surrounding areas, pain, and formation of scar tissue may result. In addition, depending on the location of the growths, interference with the normal function of the bowel, bladder, small intestines and other organs within the pelvic cavity can occur. In very rare cases, endometriosis has also been found in the skin, the lungs, the diaphragm, and the brain.

                                                  ENDOMETRIOSIS
Symptoms
  • severe recurring pain
  • painful, sometimes disabling menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea); pain may get worse over time (progressive pain)
  • chronic pain (typically lower back pain and pelvic pain, also abdominal)
  • painful sex (dyspareunia)
  • painful bowel movements or painful urination (dysuria)
  • heavy menstrual periods (menorrhagia)
  • nausea and vomiting
  • premenstrual or intermenstrual spotting (bleeding between periods)
  • infertility and subfertility
  • may have gastrointestinal symptoms that may mimic irritable bowel syndrome, as well as fatigue
Possible affected areas
  • ovaries
  • fallopian tubes
  • the back of the uterus and the posterior culdesac
  • the front of the uterus and the anterior culdesac
  • uterine ligaments such as the broad or round ligament of the uterus
  • intestines, particularly the appendix
  • urinary bladder
Causes While the exact cause of endometriosis remains unknown, many theories have been presented to better understand and explain its development. These concepts do not necessarily exclude each other:
  • excess of estrogens
  • "retrograde menstruation", in which some of the menstrual debris of menstruation flows into the pelvis
  • endometriosis does not represent transplanted endometrium but starts de novo from local stem cells by triggers such as menses, toxins, immune factors
  • hereditary factors
  • transplanted by blood or by the lymphatic system into peripheral organs (rarely)
  • relationship of endometriosis to autoimmune disease, allergic reactions, and the impact of toxins




                                                         Articles from Wikipedia and Endometriosis.org







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