Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease, aka Alzheimer's, is a neurodegenerative disease that, in its most common form, is found in people over age 65. Approximately 24 million people worldwide are living with Alzheimer’s.

The first case of what became known as Alzheimer's disease was identified in 1901 by the German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer in a 50 year-old patient.

Alzheimer's is caused by a loss of brain cells, as well as changes in the cerebral cortex. An accumulation of tangled fibers and/or plaques forms around the nerves in the cerebral cortex. It is unknown why the tangled fibers and plaques develop in the brain.
Research shows that there may be different genetic and nongenetic causes. Some genes cause the disease to appear early in life, while other genes predispose a person to the disease but require a trigger such as stroke, head trauma, or clogged arteries.
Yet, the ultimate cause of Alzheimer's is unknown.

The main symptoms of Alzheimer's include:

• short-term memory loss
• visual-spatial confusion
• loss of familiar and well-known skills as well as recognition of objects and persons
• neuropsychiatric symptoms or behavioral changes (such as outbursts of violence or excessive passivity)
• deterioration of musculature and mobility, leading to bedfastness, inability to feed oneself, and incontinence (in later stages).

Once identified, the average lifespan of patients living with Alzheimer's disease is approximately 7-10 years, although cases are known where reaching the final stage occurs within 4-5 years or at the other extreme they may survive up to 21 years.

There's no way to prevent Alzheimer's. Ageing itself can not be prevented, but the senescence of it can be mitigated, by acting on risk factors.

The main risk factors to develop the diseases include:

• advancing age
• environmental exposure to aluminum
• head injury
• poor cardiovascular health (including diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol and strokes)
• smoking.

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